next up previous contents index
Next: Index Up: THE AURORAL LARGE IMAGING Previous: Summary   Contents   Index

Bibliography

Adeishvili, T. G., A. V. Gurevich, S. B. Lyakhov, G. G. Managadze, G. M. Milikh, and I. S. Shlyuger, Ionospheric emisson caused by an intense radio wave, Sov. J. Plasma Phys., 4, 721-726, 1978.

Alpatov, V., Å. Steen, and U. Brändström, Fractal analysis of the ALIS auroral images, 1996a, (draft manuscript).

Alpatov, V. A., A. A. Matveev, C.-F. Enell, B. Gustavsson, and U. Brändström, Investigations of the polar atmosphere with the use of dynamical characteristics of the processes and self-organizing neural networks on ground-based multi-position optical observations, in Proceedings of the EGS General Assembly, 2000.

Alpatov, V. V., U. Brändström, Å. Steen, and B. Gustavsson, Fractal analysis of auroral images from ALIS, (poster presentation), 1996b, The third international substorm conference (ICS3), Paris, France.

Andersson, L., Acceleration processes in auroral region, Ph.D. thesis, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 2000, (IRF Scientific Report 270 ISBN: 91-7191-914-7).

Anger, C. D., S. K. Babey, A. L. Broadfoot, R. G. Brown, L. L. Cogger, R. Gattinger, J. W. Haslett, R. A. King, D. J. McEwen, J. S. Murphree, E. H. Richardson, B. R. Sandel, K. Smith, and A. Vallance Jones, An ultraviolet auroral imager for the Viking spacecraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 387-390, 1987.

Ångström, A. J., Recherches sur le Spectre Solaire, W. Schultz, Uppsala, 1868.

Ångström, A. J., Spectrum des Nordlichts, Pogg. Ann., 137, 161-163, 1869.

Aristotle, Meteorologica, vol. I, chap. 5, (ancient text), ca. 340 B.C.

Aruliah, A. L., A. D. Farmer, D. Rees, and U. Brändström, The seasonal behaviour of high-latitude thermospheric winds and ion velocities observed over one solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,701-15,711, 1996.

Aso, T., M. A. Hashimoto, T. Ono, and M. Ejiri, On the analysis of aurora stereo observations, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 42, 579-595, 1990.

Aso, T., M. Ejiri, H. Miyaoka, T. Ono, T. Hashimoto, T. Yabu, and M. Abe, Aurora stereo observations in Iceland, in Proc. NIPR Symposium on Upper Atmos. Phys., vol. 6, pp. 1-14, National Institute of Polar Research, 1993.

Aso, T., M. Ejiri, H. Miyaoka, T. Ono, Y. Tetsuro, K. Muguruma, T. Hashimoto, and M. Abe, Aurora stereo observation in Iceland and its tomography analysis, Trans. Inst. Electronics Communication Engineers, J77-DII, 69-78, 1994, (in Japanese).

Aso, T., M. Ejiri, A. Urashima, H. Miayoka, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, and B. Gustavsson, First results from auroral tomography from ALIS-Japan multi-station observations in March 1995, Earth Planets Space, 50, 81-86, 1998a.

Aso, T., M. Ejiri, A. Urashima, H. Miyaoka, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, and B. Gustavsson, Auroral tomography analysis of a folded arc observed at the ALIS-JAPAN multi-station campaign on March 26, 1995, in Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on upper atmosphere Physics, vol. 11, pp. 1-10, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, 1998b.

Aso, T., Å. Steen, U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, A. Urashima, and M. Ejiri, ALIS -- a state of the art optical observation network for the exploration of polar atmospheric processes, Adv. Space Res., 26, 917-924, 2000.

AstroCam Ltd., 4400 Programmer's reference manual, AstroCam Ltd., 1995.

AstroMed Ltd., 4400 Programmer's reference manual, AstroMed Ltd., 1993.

Backlund, V., Über die Technik der simultanen Telefilmsplanigraphie, Acta Radiol. Suppl., 137, 1956, (PhD Thesis).

Baker, D. J., and G. J. Romick, The Rayleigh interpretation of the unit in terms of column emission rate or apparent radiance expressed in SI units, Applied Optics, 15, 1966-1968, 1976.

Barmore, F. E., High resolution observations of the 6300 Å oxygen line in the day airglow, Planet Space Sci., 25, 185-191, 1977.

Baschin, O., Die ersten Nordlichtphotographien etc., Met. Z., 17, 1900.

Bens, A. R., L. L. Cogger, and G. G. Shepherd, Upper atmospheric temperatures from Doppler line-widths -- Observation of the OI dayglow emission at 6300 Å, Planet Space Sci., 13, 551-563, 1965.

Bernhardt, P. A., C. A. Tepley, and L. M. Duncan, Airglow enhancements associated with plasma cavities formed during ionospheric heating experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9071-9092, 1989.

Bernhardt, P. A., W. A. Scales, S. M. Grach, A. N. Keroshtin, D. S. Kotik, and S. V. Polyakov, Excitation of artificial airglow by high power radio waves from the SURA ionospheric heating facility, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1477-1480, 1991.

Birkeland, K., The Norwegian aurora polaris expedition 1902-1903. Volume I On the cause of magnetic storms and the origin of terrestrial magnetism. First section, vol. 1, A. W. Brøggers bogtryckeri, Christiania (Oslo), Norway, 1908.

Birkeland, K., The Norwegian aurora polaris expedition 1902-1903. Volume I On the cause of magnetic storms and the origin of terrestrial magnetism. Second section, vol. 1, A. W. Brøggers bogtryckeri, Christiania (Oslo), Norway, 1913.

Brandy, J. H., and J. E. Hill, Rapid determination of auroral heights, Canad. J. Phys., 42, 1813-1819, 1964.

Brändström, B. U. E., T. B. Leyser, Å. Steen, M. T. Rietveld, B. Gustavsson, T. Aso, and M. Ejiri, Unambigous evidence of HF pump-enhanced airglow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3561-3564, 1999.

Brändström, U., Reduction of CCD images from ALIS, ALIS internal note, 2000, (Intended for CCD-course).

Brändström, U., ALIS, a brief technical summary of the current situation, ALIS internal note, 2001a.

Brändström, U., ALIS stängt för säsongen, email to alis_folk@irf.se 2001-04-11, 2001b, (in Swedish).

Brändström, U., and Å. Steen, Report on the ALIS project, in Proc. 19th Annual European meeting on atmospheric studies by optical methods, Kiruna, Sweden, edited by Å. Steen, pp. 310-321, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1992, IRF Scientific Report 209.

Brändström, U., Å. Steen, B. Gustavsson, L. Andersson, I. Häggström, A. Westman, A. Pellinen-Wannberg, T. Aso, K. Kaila, C. W. Carlson, D. Klumpar, and C. Catell, Preliminary results from coordinated measurements by FAST and groundbased optical and radar facilities, in Northern Scandinavia, during active auroral conditions, in Proceedings of the 24th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, pp. 41-46, Sentraltrykkeriet A/S Bodø, 1997a, ISBN 82-994583-0-7.

Brändström, U., Å. Steen, B. Gustavsson, D. Rees, and M. J. Harris, Preliminary results from a comparision of observations of thermospheric neutral wind patterns and auroral emissions, in Proceedings of the 24th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, pp. 37-40, Sentraltrykkeriet A/S Bodø, 1997b, ISBN 82-994583-0-7.

Brändström, U., Å. Steen, P. Rydesäter, B. Gustavsson, and T. Aso, ALIS, a multi station imaging facility with possibilities of future VI applications, in Ninth workshop on Virtual Intelligence / Dynamic neural networks, edited by M. L. P. Thomas Lindbladh and J. Kinser, vol. 3728, pp. 108-114, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, ISBN 0-8194-3202-4.

Brändström, U., B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, and A. Pellinen-Wannberg, ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System) used for optical observations of the meteor impact process, in Proceedings of the Meteoroids 2001 Conference, edited by B. Warmbein, vol. SP-495, pp. 331-336, European Space Agency, 2001, ISBN 92-9092-805-0.

Brändström, U., T. Lövgren, A. Moström, C.-F. Enell, B. Gustavsson, T. Aso, M. Ejiri, Å. Steen, and P. Rydesäter, Brief report on ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System), a new all-sky camera in Kiruna and auroral imaging using a mini-DV camcorder, Sodankylä Geophysical publication series, 92, 89-92, 2003.

Brown, N. B., T. N. Davis, T. J. Hallinan, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Altitude of pulsating aurora determined by a new instrumental technique, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 403-404, 1976.

Carlson, C. W., The Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 73, 1992.

Carlsson, H. C., V. B. Wickwar, and G. P. Mantas, Observations of suprathermal electrons accelerated by HF-excited instabilities, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 1089-1100, 1982.

Celsius, A., Observationes de lumine boreali, Norimbergae, 1733.

Ceplecha, Z., and J. Rajchl, The meteor spectrum with dispersion from 11 to 38 Å/mm, Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 14, 29-47, 1963, (Available from the NASA Astrophysics Data System).

Chamberlain, J. W., Physics of the aurora and airglow, Classics in geophysics, AGU (American Geophysical Union), 1995, (A reprint of the original work from 1961).

Cocks, T. D., D. F. Creighton, and F. Jacka, Application of a dual Fabry-Perot spectrometer for daytime airglow studies, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 42, 499-511, 1980.

Conde, M., and F. Jacka, Analysis of day-time observations of the 630 nm thermospheric emission over Mawson, Antarctica, ANARE Res. notes, 69, 125-138, 1989.

Conde, M. P., P. Greet, and F. Jacka, The Ring effect in the sodium D2 Fraunhofer line of day skylight over Mawson, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,561-11,565, 1992.

Cormac, A. M., Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some radiological applications, I, J. Appl. Phys., 34, 2722-2727, 1963a.

Cormac, A. M., Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some radiological applications, II, J. Appl. Phys., 35, 2908-2913, 1963b.

Crutzen, P. J., and F. Arnold, Nitric acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere: a major cause for the springtime ''ozone hole'', Nature, 324, 651-655, 1986.

Csorba, I., Image Tubes, Howard Sams, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1985.

Davis, T. N., and G. T. Hicks, Television cinemaphotography of Auroras and preliminary measurements of auroral velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 1931, 1964.

de Mairan, J. J. D., Traité Physique et Historique de l'Aurore Boréale, Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 1733, (2ns ed., 1754).

Delbouille, L. G., L. G. Roland, and L. Neven, Photometric atlas of the solar spectrum from 3000 to 10000 Å, Institute d'Astrophysique de l'Universite de Liege, Cointe-Ougre, Belgium, 1973.

Djuth, F. T., P. A. Bernhardt, C. A. Tepley, J. A. Gardner, M. C. Keley, A. L. Broadfoot, L. M. Kagan, M. P. Sulzer, J. H. Elder, C. Selcher, B. Isham, C. Brown, and H. C. Carlson, Large airglow enhancements produced via wave-plasma interactions in sporadic $ {E}$, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1557-1560, 1999.

Dressler, R. A., J. A. Gardener, R. H. Salter, and E. Murad, Luminescence measurements of $ \mathrm{Ar^{+}+H_{2}O}$ and $ \mathrm{N_{2}^{+}+H_{2}O}$ suprathermal charge transfer collisions: Product state distribution from $ \mathrm{H_{2}O^{+}}$Ã $ \mathrm{^{2}A_{1}-}$X $ \mathrm{^{2}B_{1}}$ analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 1062-1076, 1992.

Eather, R. H., Majestic lights the aurora in science, history and the arts, AGU (American Geophysical Union), Washington D.C., 1980, ISBN: 0-87590-215-4.

Eather, R. H., Low light level imaging design, Tech. rep., Air Force Geophysics laboratory, USAF, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts USA, 1982, AFGL-TR-82-0308.

Eide, Å. J., V. Becanovic, U. Brändström, C. Holmström, M. Larsson, I. M. Lillesand, T. Lindblad, C. S. Lindsey, Å. Steen, and J. Waldemark, Pulse coupled neural network pre-processing of aurora images, in AI Applications in Solar Terrestial Physics, vol. WPP-148, pp. 201-205, European Space Agency, 1997.

Ejiri, M., M. Okada, M. Tsutsumi, M. Taguchi, and S. Okano, All sky imager observation of aurora and airglow at south pole station : Initial results, in Proceedings of the 25th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Granada, Spain, pp. 54-57, 1998.

Ejiri, M., T. Aso, M. Okada, M. Tsutsumi, M. Taguchi, N. Sato, and S. Okano, Japanese research project on Arctic and Antarctic observations of the middle atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 24, 1689-1692, 1999.

Elvey, C. T., and W. Stoffregen, Auroral photography by all-sky camera, Ann. IGY., 5, 117-151, 1957.

Enell, C.-F., Optical studies of polar stratospheric clouds and related phenomena, Ph.D. thesis, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 2002, (IRF Scientific Report 278), ISBN: 91-7305-307-4.

Enell, C.-F., B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, P. Rydesäter, P. Johansson, T. Wagner, U. Friess, K. Pfeilsticker, and U. Platt, Optical studies of polar stratospheric clouds, in Proceedings of SPIE, Satellite remote sensing of clouds and the atmosphere IV, edited by J. E. Russell, vol. 3867, pp. 290-297, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999a.

Enell, C.-F., Å. Steen, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, P. Johansson, T. Wagner, U. Frieß, K. Pfeilsticker, and U. Platt, Studies of polar stratospheric clouds occurence at Kiruna, in XXV annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, pp. 122-126, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain, 1999b.

Enell, C.-F., Å. Steen, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, P. Johansson, T. Wagner, U. Frieß, K. Pfeilsticker, U. Platt, and K.-H. Fricke, Detection of polar stratospheric clouds at Kiruna, in Air pollution report 69, Mesoscale processes in the stratosphere, edited by K. S. Carslaw and G. T. Amanatidis, vol. 18912, pp. 65-68, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, European Commission, Luxembourg, 1999c, ISBN 92-828-4629-6.

Enell, C.-F., B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, and P. Rydesäter, Multistatic imaging and optical modelling of nacreous clouds, Phys. Chem. Earth, 25, 451-457, 2000.

Enell, C.-F., U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, S. Kirkwood, K. Stebel, and Å. Steen, Case studies of the development of polar stratospheric clouds using bistatic imaging, Ann. Geophys., 21, 1869-1878, 2003.

Frey, S., H. U. Frey, D. J. Carr, O. H. Bauer, and G. Haerendel, Auroral emission profiles extracted from three-dimensionally reconstructed arcs., J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,731-21,741, 1996.

Galand, M., Special section: Proton precipitation into the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1-178, 2001.

Galperin, Y. I., Multiple scales in auroral plasmas, J. Atmos. Solar and Terr. Phys., 64, 211-229, 2001.

Gardner, J. A., A. L. Broadfoot, W. J. McNeil, S. T. Lai, and E. Murad, Analysis of the GLO-1 observations of meteoric metals in the thermosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 61, 545-562, 1999.

Gartlein, C. W., Unlocking secrets of the northern lights, Nat. Geograph. Mag., p. 673, 1947.

Gassendi, P., De vita Pereskii, Anno 1621, Edit. Hag. Com., 1651.

Gilbert, P., Iterative methods for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an object from projections, J. Theor. Boil., 36, 105-117, 1972.

Gurevich, A. V., and G. M. Milikh, Artificial airglow due to modifications of the ionosphere by powerful radio waves, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 389-394, 1997.

Gurevich, A. V., Y. S. Dimant, G. M. Milikh, and V. V. Va'skov, Multiple acceleration of electrons in the regions of high power radio-wave reflection in the ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 47, 1057-1070, 1985.

Gustavsson, B., A study of feasible tomographic inversion techniques for ALIS, Tech. Rep. 039, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1992, ISSN 0284-1738.

Gustavsson, B., Private communication, 1997.

Gustavsson, B., Tomographic inversion for ALIS noise and resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 26,621-26,632, 1998.

Gustavsson, B., Three Dimensional Imaging of Aurora and Airglow,, Ph.D. thesis, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 2000, (IRF Scientific Report 267), ISBN: 91-7191-878-7.

Gustavsson, B., Private communication, 2003.

Gustavsson, B., T. Sergienko, M. T. Rietveld, F. Honary, Å. Steen, B. U. E. Brändström, T. B. Leyser, A. L. Aruliah, T. Aso, and M. Ejiri, First tomographic estimate of volume distribution of enhanced airglow emission caused by HF pumping, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29,105-29,123, 2001a.

Gustavsson, B., Å. Steen, T. Sergienko, and B. U. E. Brändström, Estimate of auroral electron spectra, the power of ground-based multi-station optical measurements, Phys. Chem. Earth, 26, 189-194, 2001b.

Gustavsson, B., B. U. E. Brändström, Å. Steen, T. Sergienko, T. B. Leyser, M. T. Rietveld, T. Aso, and M. Ejiri, Nearly simultaneous images of HF-pump enhanced airglow at 6300 Å and 5577 Å, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2003, paper No. 10.1029/2002GL015350.

Hallinan, T. J., H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and C. S. Deehr, Enhanced aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8461-8475, 1985.

Hammarskjöld, D., Vägmärken, Albert Bonniers Förlag AB, 1963, (In Swedish, reprinted 1999 ISBN:9100571121).

Hammarskjöld, D., Markings, Knopf, New York, 1964, (transl. by Leif Sjöberg and W. H. Auden, ISBN: 039443532X).

Haslett, J. C., and L. R. Megill, A model of the enhanced airglow excited by RF-radiation, Radio Sci., 9, 1005-1019, 1974.

Hecht, J. H., A. B. Christensen, D. J. Strickland, and R. R. Meier, Deducing composition and incident electron spectra from ground-based auroral optical measurements: Variation in oxygen density, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,553-13,563, 1989.

Hedin, M., I. Häggström, A. Pellinen-Wannberg, I. Häggström, L. Andersson, U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, A. Westman, G. Wannberg, T. van Eyken, T. Aso, C. Cattell, C. W. Carlson, and D. Klumpar, Trough observations with the EISCAT radars, ALIS auroral imaging system and FAST satellite, in Proceedings of RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation 99, edited by J.-O. Gustavsson, vol. 1, pp. 113-117, Högskolan i Karlskrona/Ronneby, Karlskrona, Sweden, 1999, ISBN 91-630-8156-3.

Hedin, M., I. Häggström, A. Pellinen-Wannberg, I. Häggström, L. Andersson, U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, A. Westman, G. Wannberg, T. van Eyken, T. Aso, C. Cattell, C. W. Carlson, and D. Klumpar, 3-D extent of the main ionospheric trough --a case study, Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 14, 157-162, 2000.

Henriksen, K., W. Stoffregen, B. Lybekk, and Å. Steen, Photometer and spectrometer search of the oxygen green and red lines during artificial ionospheric heating in the auroral zones, Ann. Geophys., 2, 73-76, 1984.

Hernandez, G., Fabry-Perot Interferometers, Cambridge University Press, 1986, ISBN: 0-521-32238-3.

Hertel, R. J., Signal and noise properties of proximity focused image tubes, in Ultrahigh Speed and High Speed Photography, Photonics and Videography, edited by G. L. Stradling, vol. 1155, pp. 332-343, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1989.

Hesstvedt, E., On the physics of mother of pearl clouds, Geofysiske Publikasjoner, XXI, 1-32, 1960.

Höffner, J., and U. von Zahn, The 1996 Leonid shower as studied with a potassium lidar: Observations and inferred meteoroid sizes, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2633-2643, 1999.

Holst, G. C., CCD arrays, cameras and displays, 2nd ed., The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, ISBN: 0-8194-2853-1.

Høymork, S. H., ed., Sensors and Instruments for Space Exploration, chap. 6. Measurements by optical methods, pp. 71-119, 2nd ed., Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, 2000.

Hunten, D. M., F. E. Roach, and J. W. Chamberlain, A photometric unit for the aurora and airglow, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 8, 345-346, 1956.

Hyppönen, M., R. Pellinen, C. Sucksdorff, and R. Torniainen, Digital all-sky camera, Tech. Rep. 9, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 1974.

Ivanov, V. E., and T. I. Sergienko, Interaction of the auroral electrons with the atmospheric gases. (the Monte-Carlo modelling), 1992, Nakua, St. Petersburg, 1992.

Janesick, J. R., T. Elliott, S. Collins, M. M. Blouke, and J. Freeman, Scientific charge-coupled devices, Optical Engineering, 26, 692-714, 1987.

Johansson, H., Station software for ALIS, IRF Tech. Report 036, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 1991, ISSN 0284-1738.

Jones, A. R. V., R. L. Gattinger, F. Creutzberg, F. R. Harris, A. G. McNamara, A. W. Yau, E. J. Llewellyn, D. Lummerzheim, M. H. Rees, I. C. McDade, and J. Margot, The ARIES auroral modelling campaign: Characterization and modelling of an evening auroral arc observed from a rocket and a ground-based line of meridian scanners, Planet Space Sci., 39, 1677-1705, 1991.

Jones, A. V., Aurora, vol. 9 of Geophysics and astrophysics monographs, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1974, ISBN: 90-277-0272-1.

Kaila, K., Optical instrumentation of Oulu, http://spaceweb.oulu.fi/projects/optical and Private communication, 2003a.

Kaila, K., Private communication, 2003b, data analysis and publication in progress.

Kaila, K., Private communication, 2003c, (See also http://spaceweb.oulu.fi/projects/optical).

Kaila, K. U., An iterative method for calculating the altitudes and positions of auroras along the arc, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 245-258, 1987.

Kaila, K. U., and H. J. Holma, Absolute calibration of photometer, Phys. Chem. Earth, B(25), 467-470, 2000.

Keo Consultants, Kiruna telecentric lens systems, 1994, vendor-provided documentation.

Keo Consultants, Telecentric lens for Kyoto university, 1997, vendor-provided documentation.

Kinser, J. M., and T. Lindblad, Detection of microcalcifications by cortical stimulation, in Proceedings EANN'97 Neural networks in engineering systems, edited by A. Bulsari and S. Kallio, pp. 203-206, 1997, ISBN: 952908667-9.

Kosch, M. J., T. Rietveld, M., S. Å, and T. Hagfors, HF-Induced Airglow: Double Patches, Phys. Chem. Earth, 25, 475-581, 2000a.

Kosch, M. J., T. Rietveld, M., T. Hagfors, and T. B. Leyser, High-latitude HF-induced airglow displaced equatorward of the pump beam, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2817-2820, 2000b.

Kosch, M. J., M. T. Rietveld, A. J. Kavanagh, C. Davis, T. Yeoman, F. Honary, and T. Hagfors, High-latitude pump-induced optical emissions for frequencies close to th third electron gyro-harmonic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 27-1-274, 2002a.

Kosch, M. J., M. T. Rietveld, T. Yeoman, K. Cierpka, and T. Hagfors, The high-latitude artificial aurora of 21 February 1999: An analysis, Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 2002b, (in press).

Labsphere, A guide to integrating sphere theory and applications, Labsphere, 1997.

Lance, C., and R. H. Eather, High frequency active auroral research program (HAARP) imager, Tech. rep., Air Force Geophysics laboratory, USAF, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts USA, 1993, PL-TR-93-2219.

Lauche, H., and O. Widell, Intercalibration of low light level sources, letter from Hans Lauche, 2000a.

Lauche, H., and O. Widell, Intercalibration of low light level sources, in Proc. of 27th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Stockholm, Sweden, Meteorological institution, Stockholm university, Sweden, 2000b.

Leyser, T. B., Parametric interactions between upper hybrid and lower hybrid waves in heating experiments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 408-411, 1991.

Leyser, T. B., and B. Gustavsson, Private communication, 2003.

Leyser, T. B., B. Gustavsson, B. U. E. Brändström, F. H. Å. Steen, T. A. M. T. Rietveld, and M. Ejiri, Simultaneous measurements of high-frequency pump-enhanced airglow and ionospheric temperatures at auroral latitudes, Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 14, 1-11, 2000.

Leyser, T. B., B. U. E. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, T. Sergienko, and M. T. Rietveld, Enhanced airglow by high frequency electromagnetic pumping with the EISCAT heating facility and observed by the multi-station auroral large imaging system ALIS, in URSI, URSI, 2002, paper 815, 2002.

Lodin, H., The value of tomography in examination of the intrapulmonary bronchi, Acta Radiol. Suppl., 101, 1935.

Love, S. G., and D. E. Brownlee, A direct measurement of the terrestial mass accretion rate of cosmic dust, Science, 262, 550-553, 1993.

Macleod, H. A., Thin-film optical filters, Macmillan, New York, 1986, ISBN: 0-02-948110-4.

Mantas, G. P., Large 6300 Å airglow intensity enhancements observed in ionosphere heating experiments are excited by thermal electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8993, 1994.

Mantas, G. P., and H. C. Carlson, Reinterpretation of the 6300 Å airglow enhancements observed in the ionosphere heating experiments based on analysis of Platteville Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 195-209, 1996.

Massey, P., A User's guide to CCD Reductions with IRAF, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 1992, http://iraf.noao.edu/docs.

McDade, I. C., and E. J. Llewellyn, Satellite airglow limb tomography: Methods for recovering structured emission rates in the mesospheric airglow layer, Canad. J. Phys., 71, 552-563, 1994.

McNaught, R. H., and D. J. Asher, Variation of Leonid maximum times with location of observer, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 34, 975-978, 1999.

McNeil, W. J., E. Murad, and S. T. Lai, Comprehensive model for the atmospheric sodium layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,847-16,855, 1995.

McNeil, W. J., S. T. Lai, and E. Murad, Models of thermospheric sodium, calcium and magnesium at the magnetic equator, Adv. Space Res., 21, 863-866, 1998.

McNeil, W. J., R. A. Dressler, and E. Murad, Impact of a major meteor storm on earth's ionosphere: A modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,447-10,465, 2001.

McWhirter, I., Imaging photon detectors and their use with single and multiple fabry-perot etalon systems for atmospheric wind measurements, Ph.D. thesis, University College London, London, 1993.

Meier, R. R., D. J. Strickland, J. H. Hecht, and A. B. Christensen, Deducing composition and incident electron spectra from ground-based auroral optical measurements: a study of auroral red line processes, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,541-13,552, 1989.

Mills, D. L., Network time protocol (version 3) specification, implementation and analysis, Request for Comments: 1305, 1992, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1305.txt.

Mohn, H., Perlemorskyer, in Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, vol. 2, A. W. Brøggers bogtryckeri, Christiania (Oslo), Norway, 1893.

Na, H., and H. Lee, Orthogonal decomposition technique for ionospheric tomography, Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol., 3, 354-365, 1991.

NASA, Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS), NASA/Science Office of Standards and Technology, Code 633.2, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, USA, 1999, nOST 100-2.0, http://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_documentation.html.

Nilsson, L., OPERA operations program for ALIS version 1.0, Internal Note 024, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1994.

Nilsson, L., and B. Nyström, OPERA operations program for ALIS version 1.0, IRF Tech. Rep. 037, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1992, ISSN 0284-1738.

Noxon, J. F., and R. M. Goody, Observations of day airglow, J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 342-343, 1962.

Okano, S., S. Takeshita, and M. Taguchi, Absolute calibration system at NIPR for aurora/airglow measurements using an 1.9 m integrating sphere, in Proceedings of the 24th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Sentraltrykkeriet A/S Bodø, 1997, ISBN: 82-994583-0-7.

Pedersen, and Carlson, First observations of HF heater-produced airglow at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility: Thermal excitation and spatial structuring, Radio Sci., 36, 1013-1026, 2001.

Pellinen, R., and K. Kaila, Optical groundbased network, in Proc. of the Cluster workshop, Svalbard, Norway 16-19 Sept., pp. 147-158, European Space Agency Publications Division, 1991, (ESA SP-330).

Pellinen-Wannberg, A., E. Murad, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, C.-F. Enell, C. Roth, I. P. Williams, and Å. Steen, Optical observations of water in Leonid meteor trails, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 2004, doi:10.1029/2003GL018785.

Perkins, F. W., and P. K. Kaw, On the role of plasma instabilities in ionospheric heating by radio waves, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 282-284, 1971.

Pliny, Historiae Naturalis, vol. II, chap. 27,33, (ancient text), ca. 77.

Pountain, D., The transputer strikes back, Byte, pp. 265-275, 1991.

Preston, T. J., 4400 Quad CCD Camera controller user guide. System description and operations manual, AstroMed Ltd., Cambridge, 1993.

Preston, T. J., 4400 Quad CCD Camera controller user guide for motherboard issue B. System description and operations manual, AstroCam Ltd., Cambridge, 1995.

Puccio, W., Private communication, 2002.

Pudovkin, M. I., Å. Steen, and U. Brändström, Vorticity in the magnetospheric plasma and its signature in the aurora dynamics., Space Science Rev., 80, 411-444, 1997.

Pudovkin, M. I., Å. Steen, N. V. Nikolaev, O. I. Kornilov, U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, and P. Rydesäter, Automatic recognition of auroral forms, in Ninth workshop on Virtual Intelligence / Dynamic neural networks, edited by M. L. P. Thomas Lindbladh and J. Kinser, vol. 3728, pp. 121-127, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, ISBN 0-8194-3202-4.

Raspopov, O. M., V. A. Dergachev, and E. G. Goos'kova, Ezekiel's vision: visual evidence of Sterno-Etrussia geomagnetic excursion?, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 84, 77, 2003.

Rayleigh, L., Absolute intensity of the aurora line in the night sky, and the number of atomic transitions required to maintain it, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A129, 458, 1930.

Rees, D., I. McWhirter, P. B. Hays, and T. Dines, A stable rugged, capacitance-stabilised piezoelectric scanned Fabry-perot etalon, J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., 14, 1320-1325, 1981.

Rees, D., M. Vyssogorets, N. P. Meredith, E. Griffin, and Y. Chaxell, The doppler wind and temperature system for the ALOMAR observatory: Design and initial results, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1827-1842, 1996.

Rees, D., R. W. Smith, F. Sigernes, K. Henriksen, U. Brändström, W. B. Wickwar, N. D. Lloyd, and M. Harris, Observations of thermospheric wind patterns in the vicinity of the polar cusp from a doppler imaging system, in Proceedings of the 24th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Sentraltrykkeriet A/S Bodø, 1997, ISBN: 82-994583-0-7.

Rees, D., U. von Zahn, G. von Cossart, K.-H. Fricke, W. Eriksen, and J. A. McKay, Daytime LIDAR measurements of the stratosphere and mesosphere at the ALOMAR observatory, Adv. Space Res., 1999, proc. COSPAR meeting, Nagoya, July 1998, accepted.

Rees, D., M. Conde, Å. Steen, and U. Brändström, The first daytime ground-based optical image of the aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 313-316, 2000.

Rees, M. h., and D. Luckey, Auroral electron energy derived from ratio of spectroscopic emissions 1. model computations, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5181, 1974.

Rietveld, M. T., H. Kohl, H. Kopka, and P. Stubbe, Introduction to ionospheric heating at Tromsø -- I. Experimental overview, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 577-599, 1993.

Romick, G. J., and A. E. Belon, The spatial variation of auroral luminosity-- II, Planet Space Sci., 15, 1695-1716, 1967.

Rydesäter, P., and B. Gustavsson, Investigation of smooth basis functions and an approximated projection algorithm for faster tomography, Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol., 11, 347-354, 2001.

Rydesäter, P., Processing of multi-station auroral image data, Lic. thesis, Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, 2001, ISBN: 91-7305-149-7.

Rydesäter, P., Å. Steen, U. Brändström, and B. Gustavsson, Classifying auroras using artificial neural networks, in Ninth workshop on Virtual Intelligence / Dynamic neural networks, edited by M. L. P. Thomas Lindbladh and J. Kinser, vol. 3728, pp. 115-120, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, ISBN 0-8194-3202-4.

Rydesäter, P., B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, and Å. Steen, Lossy compression of scientific images of aurora, vol. 92, pp. 1-4, 2003.

Scourfield, M. W. J., and N. R. Parsons, Auroral pulsations and flaming -- Some initial results of a cinematographic study using an image intensifier, Planet Space Sci., 17, 1141, 1969.

Seneca, Quaestiones Naturales, vol. I, chap. 14-15, (ancient text), ca. 63.

Sergienko, T., Private communication, 2003.

Sergienko, T., B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, M. Rietveld, T. Leyser, and F. Honary, Analysis of excitation of the 630.0 nm airglow during heating experiment in Tromsø on February 16, 1999, Phys. Chem. Earth, 25, 531-535, 2000.

Simpson, W., The point-to-point protocol (ppp), Request For Comments: 1661, 1994, ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1661.txt.

Sipler, D. P., and M. A. Biondi, Measurements of $ O(^1D)$ quenching rates in the F region, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6202-6212, 1972.

Siscoe, G. L., A historical footnote on the origin of aurora borealis, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 59, 994, 1978.

Siscoe, G. L., S. M. Silverman, and K. D. Siebert, Ezekiel and the Northern lights: Biblical aurora seems plausible, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 83, 173, 2002.

Solomon, S., R. R. Garcia, F. S. Rowland, and D. J. Wuebbles, On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755-758, 1986.

Solomon, S. C., P. B. Hays, and V. J. Abreu, Tomographic inversion of satellite photometry, Applied Optics, 23, 3409-3414, 1984.

Solomon, S. C., P. B. Hays, and V. J. Abreu, The auroral 6300 Å emisson: Observation and modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9867-9882, 1988.

Spurny, P., H. Betlem, K. Jobse, P. Koten, and J. van't Leven, New type of bright Leonid meteors above 130 km, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 35, 1109-1115, 2000.

Steen, Å., The optical laboratory in Kiruna: A new research facility in the auroral zone, KGI Tech. Report 033, Kiruna Geophysical Institute, Kiruna, Sweden, Kiruna, Sweden, 1987, ISSN 0349-2672.

Steen, Å., Investigations of auroral dynamics, techniques and results, Ph.D. thesis, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1988a, (KGI Scientific Report 1994), ISSN 0984-1703.

Steen, Å., An auroral height measuring system designed for real time operation, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1988b.

Steen, Å., An Auroral Large Imaging System in Northern Scandinavia, in Proc. 9th Symposium on European rocket and ballon programmes and related research, Lahnstein, FRG, pp. 299-303, European Space Agency, 1989, ESA SP-291.

Steen, Å., ed., Auroral Tomography workshop proceedings, IRF Scientific Report 213, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 1993, ISSN 0284-1703.

Steen, Å., Application for equipment to an optical calibration facility in kiruna, Funding application to Forskningsrådsnämnden (FRN), 1998, (partly in Swedish, IRF Dnr 238-150/98).

Steen, Å., and P. N. Collis, High time-resolution imaging of auroral arc deformation at substorm onset, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 715-732, 1988.

Steen, Å., P. N. Collis, and I. Häggström, On the development of folds in auroral arcs, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 301-313, 1988.

Steen, Å., U. Brändström, and K. Kaila, A scientific and technical description of ALIS, in Proc. NSSR Annual meeting Bolkesjø, Norway, pp. 153-164, Nordic Society for Space Research, 1990.

Steen, Å., U. Brändström, and B. Gustavsson, ALIS -- a multi station imaging system at high latitude with multi disciplinary scientific objectives, in Proceedings 13th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, pp. 261-266, ESA, 1997a.

Steen, Å., B. Gustavsson, and U. Brändström, Temporal variation of 2D altitude distributions of lee-wave generated polar stratospheric clouds, in Proceedings of the 4th European symposium of polar stratospheric ozone, 1997b.

Steen, Å., B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, T. Aso, and M. Ejiri, OI 846.6 nm auroral imaging, in Proceedings of the 25th annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Granada, Spain, pp. 90-95, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucia, Granada, Spain, 1999a.

Steen, Å., B. Gustavsson, C.-F. Enell, and U. Brändström, PSC dynamics investigated by multi-station imaging -- techniques, results and prospects, in Air pollution research report. Mesoscale processes in the stratosphere, edited by K. Carslaw and G. Amanatidis, vol. 69, pp. 239-242, European Comission, 1999b, ISBN 92-828-4629-6.

Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C., and T. J. Hallinan, Pulsating auroras: Evidence for non-collisional thermalization of precipitating particles., J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3257-3271, 1979.

Stoffregen, W., All-sky camera auroral research during the third geophysical year 1957-1958, Tellus, 7, 509-517, 1955.

Stoffregen, W., An all-sky camera for auroral research, description and operational manual, Tech. rep., Uppsala Jonosfärsobservatorium, 1956.

Stoffregen, W., ed., I.G.Y. ASCAPLOTS, vol. XX (part 1) of Annals of the international geophysical year, Pergamon Press, Oxford, London, New York, Paris, 1962.

Størmer, C., Bericht über eine Expedition nach Bossekop etc., Vid. Selsk. Skr. Math. Nat. Kl., 1911, Christiania (Oslo), Norway.

Størmer, C., Photogrammetrishe bestimmung der Höhe von irisierenden Wolken (Perlmutterwolken) am 30. Dezember 1926., Geofysiske Publikasjoner, 5, 1-8, 1930.

Størmer, C., The Polar Aurora, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955.

Strickland, D. J., R. R. Meier, J. H. Hecht, and A. B. Christensen, Deducing composition and incident electron spectra from ground-based auroral optical measurements: theory and results, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,527-13,539, 1994.

Stubbe, P., H. Kopka, H. Lauche, M. T. Rietveld, A. Brekke, O. Holt, T. B. Jones, T. Robinson, A. Hedberg, B. Thidé, B. Crochet, and H. J. Lotz, Ionospheric modification experiments in northern Scandinavia, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 1025-1041, 1982.

Syrjäsuo, M., New Finnish all-sky cameras, in Proceedings of the 24th annual European meeting on atmospheric studies by optical methods, pp. 247-251, Sentraltrykkeriet A/S Bodø, 1997, ISBN: 82-994583-0-7.

Syrjäsuo, M. T., All-sky camera, (master's-thesis), Helsinki Univ. of Technology, 1996.

Syrjäsuo, M. T., Auroral monitoring network: From all-sky camera system to automated image analysis, (D.Sc.(Tech.)-thesis), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, 2001, Contribution series 32, ISBN: 951-697-551-8.

Theuwissen, A. J. P., Solid-state imaging with charge-coupled devices, vol. 1 of Solid-state scenece and technology library, Kluwer, 1995.

Tolbert, M. A., Polar clouds and sulfate aerosols, Science, 272, 1597, 1996.

Toon, O. B., P. Hamill, R. P. Turco, and J. Pinto, Condensation of $ HNO_3$ and $ HCl$ in the winter polar stratospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1284-1287, 1986.

Tornéus, A., GOSSIP a general information panel for ALIS, IRF Tech. Rep. 040, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 1992, ISSN 0284-1738.

Torr, M. R., and P. Espy, Intercalibration of instrumentation used in the observation of atmospheric emissions: Second progress report, Tech. Rep. 101, Utah State University, Center for atmospheric and space sciences, Logan Utah, 1981.

Trondsen, T. S., High spatial and temporal resolution auroral imaging, Ph.D. thesis, University of Tromsø, 1998.

Urashima, A., T. Aso, M. Ejiri, Å. Steen, U. Brändström, and B. Gustavsson, Camera calibration by integrating sphere for the auroral tomography observation, Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res., 13, 79-88, 1999.

Vaattovaara, M., and J. Enback, Development of a calibration system using a monochromator and an APD, Internal Note 023, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 1993.

Vegard, L., Photographische Aufnahmen des Nordlichtspektrums mit einem Spectrographen von grosser Dispersion, Phys. Zhur., 14, 677-681, 1913.

Vegard, L., and O. Krogness, The position in space of the aurora polaris, in Geofysiske Publikasjoner, vol. 1 of Geofysiske Publikasjoner, pp. 1-170, A. W. Brøggers bogtryckeri, Christiania (Oslo), Norway, 1920.

Veklerov, E., and J. Llacer, Feasible images and practical stopping rules for iterative algorithms im emission tomography, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 8, 186-193, 1989.

von Zahn, U., M. Gerding, J. Höffner, W. J. M. Neil, and E. Murad, Fe, Ca and K atom densities in the trails of Leonids and other meteors: Strong evidence of differential ablation., Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 34, 1017-1027, 1999.

Waldemark, J., V. Becanovic, U. Brändström, C. Holmström, M. Larsson, T. Lindblad, C. S. Lindsay, and Å. Steen, Investigation of useful image preprocessing for analysis of aurora images, in Proceedings EANN, 1997.

Wannberg, G., The G2-system and general purpose alternating code experiments for EISCAT, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 543-557, 1993.

Weinbren, M., A manual of tomography, H. K. Lewis & Co., 1946.

Weinstock, J., Theory of enhanced airglow during ionospheric modifications, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4331, 1975.

Weinstock, J., and B. Bezzerides, Theory of electron acceleration during parametric instabilities, Phys. Rev. Lett., 32, 754-758, 1974.

Widell, O., and H. Henricson, Intercalibration of low light level sources, in Proc. of 28th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Oulu, Finland, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, 2001, (in press).

Wilcke, J. C., Tal om de nyaste förklaringar öfver Norr-Skenet, hållet, i Kongl. Maj:ts höga närvaro, för dess vetenskaps-academie, vid praesidii nedläggande, den 7 Febr. 1778, Johan Georg Lange, Stockholm, 1778.

Yamauchi, M., Private communication, 1999, (see also http://www.irf.se/pics/YamaAuroraVideo/).



copyright Urban Brändström