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Lecturer: Etienne Behar (IRF)
Date: 2018-10-12 09:00
Place: Aula

Solar Wind Dynamics within The Atmosphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Etienne Behar
Swedish Institute of Space Physics
LuleÄ University of Technology

Doctoral thesis public defence.
Opponent: Thomas E. Cravens, University of Kansas.


Abstract [en]
In this thesis, we explore the dynamics of the solar wind as it perme-ates and flows through a tenuous cometary atmosphere, with a focuson the interaction observed at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.

Seven comets had already been visited by nine different probes when the European spacecraft Rosetta reached comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko in August 2014. The mission was however the first to orbit its host comet, which it did for a total duration of more than two years, corre-sponding to a large part of the comet’s orbit around the Sun. This en-abled to study how the dynamics of the plasma environment evolvedas the comet itself was transformed from one of the smallest obstaclesto the solar wind in the Solar System when far away from the Sun, toa well-established magnetosphere at perihelion.

Most of our efforts tackle the early part of this transformation, when the creation of new-born cometary ions starts to induce significant disturbances to the incident flow. During this stage, a kinetic descrip-tion of the interaction is necessary, as the system of interest cannot be reduced to a hydrodynamic problem. This contrasts with the situation closer to the Sun, where a fluid treatment can be used, at Churyumov–Gerasimenko as well as at previously visited comets.

Rosetta was not a mission dedicated to plasma studies, however. It directly translates into a limited spatial coverage of the cometary plasma environment, which by its nature extends over several spatial scales. An approach solely based on the analysis of in-situ data cannot properly address the major questions on the nature and physics of the plasma environment of Churyumov–Gerasimenko. This thesis there-fore largely exploits the experimental–analytical–numerical triad of approaches. In Chapters 3 and 4 we propose simple models of the ion dynamics and of the cometary plasma environment, and these are tested against experimental and numerical data. Used together,they give a global description of the solar wind ion dynamics through the cometary atmosphere, that we explore in the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cases (Chapter 5). In Chapter 6, we propose a view onthe interaction and its fluid aspects when closer to the Sun.


Abstract [sv]
I denna avhandling undersöks solvindens dynamik nĂ€r den flödar genom en tunn kometatmosfĂ€r, med fokus pĂ„ den interaktion somobserverats vid kometen 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

NĂ€r Rosetta nĂ„dde from till komet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko i augusti 2014 hade redan sju olika rymdfarkoster besökt nio olika ko- meter. Rosetta var dock den första missionen som cirklade runt en komet och följde den sedan i dess bana i totalt mer Ă€n tvĂ„ Ă„r. Detta motsvarade en signifikant del av hela kometens bana runt solen. Det- ta gjorde det möjligt att studera plasmats dynamiska utveckling un- der en period nĂ€r kometen utvecklades frĂ„n ett av de minsta hindren solvinden möter i solsystemet, nĂ€r kometen Ă€r lĂ„ngt frĂ„n solen, till enfullt utvecklad magnetosfĂ€r nĂ€ra perihelion.

Avhandlingen behandlar frĂ€mst den tidiga delen av denna utveckling, nĂ€r nyligen joniserade molekyler frĂ„n kometatmosfĂ€ren börjar ge en signifikant störning i solvindens flöde. Under dessa förhĂ„llanden Ă€r en kinetisk beskrivning av vĂ€xelverkan mellan solvinden och kome- tatmosfĂ€ren nödvĂ€ndig. Systemet vi studerar kan inte reduceras till ett hydrodynamiskt problem. Detta till skillnad frĂ„n situationen nĂ€r kometen Ă€r nĂ€rmare solen, dĂ„ vĂ€xelverkan kan beskrivas med fluid- teori, för bĂ„de Churyumov–Gerasimenko och de tidigare undersöktakometerna.

Rosetta var inte en mission frĂ€mst Ă€gnad Ă„t plasma-studier. Detta med- förde begrĂ€nsad rumslig tĂ€ckning av de plasma-processer som Ă€ger rum, vilka Ă€ger rum över flera olika rumsskalor. Att förstĂ„ solvindens vĂ€xleverkan med kometatmosfĂ€ren enbart med enpunktsmĂ€tningar lĂ„ter sig dĂ€rför inte göras. I detta arbete anvĂ€nds dĂ€rför en kombina- tion av experimentella data, analytiska beskrivningar och numeriska berĂ€kningar. I kapitel 3 och 4 föreslĂ„r vi enkla modeller för att beskri- va jondynamiken och kometens plasmamiljö. Dessa testas sedan mot observationer och numeriska modeller. Tillsammans ger de en global beskrivning av solvindens dynamik nĂ€r den flödar genom kometat- mosfĂ€ren, vilket utforskas i bĂ„de 2 och 3 dimensioner (kapitel 5). I kapitel 6 utforskar vi interaktionen som sker nĂ€r kometen Ă€r nĂ€rmaresolen, och hur den nu i högre grad kan beskrivas som en fluid.


Created 2018-10-05 08:29:33 by Mats Holmström
Last changed 2018-10-05 08:37:00 by Mats Holmström